Since children with AD/HD has different needs at different stages, review of the child’s condition and change of strategies should be done regularly. (2) analyzing the antecedentsĪnd consequences of the behaviour and (3) through changing these antecedents and consequences by facilitative environment and proper use of reinforcement/punishment etc., enable the children to learn and increase appropriateīehaviours and decrease inappropriate behaviours. Therapy usually involves: (1) defining the behavioural problem by observation and recording of the behaviour, including the time, place and frequency of occurrence, other’s reaction etc. Thus, children’s condition can be improved by a systematic way of discipline. On the belief that behaviour is formed by experiential learning and modeling, in addition to good parent-child relationship. Behavioural therapy is based on learning theories and grounded These include behavioural, as well as learning and social difficulties. Hyperactivity and impulsive behaviours were largely reduced as well.īehavioural therapy mainly targeted on the behavioural problems of children with AD/HD. Research has shown that 75% of the patients showed significant improvement The most commonly prescribed medication is methylphenidate (e.g. It works by increasing the neurotransmitter, dopamine, in theĬentral nervous system, thereby improving attention. Stimulant medication is the first choice. Medication is the first line of treatment for school-age children and adolescents with more severe AD/HD symptoms. When combines with behavioural therapy and educational support, it can improve learning and reduce behavioural problems of these children. Medical therapy is very effective in controlling the core symptoms of AD/HD, improving attention and reducing Years or above and for adolescents with more severe symptoms, medical therapy is the first-line treatment. If the child’s condition does not improve with behavioural therapy, medical therapy may be needed. Under six years of age, behavioural therapy is recommended as the initial treatment. As shown from numerous international studies, medical therapy and behavioural therapy are proven to be effective strategies. The treatment strategies for children with AD/HD vary according to age. Symptoms of distractibility, disorganization, inefficiency, impatience Adults with AD/HD may have difficulty concentrating at work. In adulthood, inattention and impulsivity are still core symptoms of AD/HD. New problems may emerge, including frequent engagement in interpersonalĬonflict, aggressive behaviour or addiction.
In late childhood and early adolescence, although the severity of hyperactivity may decline, features of inattention and impulsivity often remain. Some children may also show oppositional, risk-taking and/or dangerous behaviour. These lead to problems in social relationship and conflict with peers. They are impulsive, weak in self-control and less compliant. Their inattention in class affect their learning and academic performance. Some may have sleeping problems as well.ĭuring this period, problems related to inattention become increasingly obvious. They may have greaterĮmotional response to events and become excited or angry easily. Some children may cry and lose temper easily. They are energetic and are often running about or climbing around. The core feature of children with AD/HD during this period is hyperactivity. They also tend to interrupt or blurt out answers before the questions are completed.Ĭlinical features of AD/HD evolve with the children’s age: They tend to be impatient and impulsive, having difficulty queuing or waiting for their turn. They talk excessively and have difficulty engaging in activities They squirm in their seats and may even leave seats. They are forgetful and often lose personal belongings.Ĭhildren with AD/HD are more active compared with children of the same age. Through instructions, completing tasks and organizing activities. They are easily distracted by the environment and do not seem to listen. Children with AD/HD find it difficult to sustain attention in activities, compared with children of similar age.
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